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Appendix Three - Trade mark text search strings
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| Concept Operators - These operators build a relationship between search elements and assign a meaning or concept for the records being searched. | ||
AND
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Looks for records that contain all of the search elements you specify. The order of the words is not relevant. |
e.g Search: water AND pure
Result: FIJI PURE NATURAL WATER
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OR
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Looks for records that contain at least one of the elements specified.2 |
e.g. Search: ernie OR bert
Result: CYCLONE ERNIE and HURRICANE BERT
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<ACCRUE>
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Looks for trade marks that contain at least one of the elements specified. The more elements that are present, the greater the importance of that record over other records. This means that a record with many of the search elements will be placed in your result list earlier. The results are “relevance ranked” if you are logged on as a registered user.3 |
e.g Search: <ACCRUE> (online,retail)
Result: PACIFIC ONLINE RETAIL and PACIFIC ONLINE
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Modifiers - Modifiers are used with operators to alter the normal function of that operator in some way. |
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NOT
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Excludes a record containing specific words.4 |
e.g. Search: repr* NOT representation
Result: REPRISE and REPROMASTER
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<CASE>
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Performs a case sensitive search.5 |
e.g. Search: <CASE> Robert* [with Case Sensitivity flag set to “yes”) Result: “Robertson” and “Robert Harris”
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<MANY>
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Incorporates the density of search words in the calculation of the relevance ranked results. Having the results relevance ranked is a facility that is only operable if you are logged on as a user. This operator cannot be used with the NEAR or NEAR/N operator. |
e.g. Search: <MANY> coffee*
Result: ROBERT HARRIS (series of 4 marks), then COFFEE-MATE |
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<ORDER>
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Used with PARAGRAPH, SENTENCE, NEAR and NEAR/N. This facility specifies the order in which search elements must occur in the document. |
e.g. Search: DIET<ORDER><SENTENCE>COKE
Result: DIET COK
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Evidence Operators - Evidence operators can be used to specify an intelligent word search, which expands the query to retrieve related records or close variations on your original strategy. |
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<SOUNDEX>
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Expands the search to include the element you enter and one or more words that may “sound like” that element, or whose letter pattern is similar to the word/s specified. |
e.g. Search: <SOUNDEX> alone
Result: ALIONE and NEVA ALONE |
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<STEM>
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Expands the search to include the word/s you enter and any common linguistic variations. A stem search is done by default in the system, if no wildcards or operators are used. |
e.g. Search: <STEM> load
Result: THE LOADED HOG and LOADS
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<THESAURUS>
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Expands the search to include the word/s you enter and any synonyms. |
e.g. Search: <THESAURUS> tough Result: HARDY SPICER and ROUGH RIDER |
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<TYPO/N>
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Expands the search to include the word/s you enter, plus words that are similar in structure to the query term. This operator performs approximate pattern matching to identify similar words. The number “N” specifies the maximum number of transpositions in one word. |
e.g. Search: <TYPO/2> telecom Result: TELEKOM and TELCO |
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<WILDCARD>
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Matches wildcard characters included in the query you have entered. Certain characters automatically indicate a wildcard, namely: |
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? Specifies one alphanumeric character. When the question mark is used, <WILDCARD> is unnecessary. |
e.g. Search: str?ng Result: STRUNG, STRING, STRONG |
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* Specifies zero or more alphanumeric characters. When the asterisk is used, <WILDCARD> is unnecessary. Note – do not use * before a word, results are inconsistent. |
e.g. Search: rose*
Result: ROSE and ROSEANNE and ROSE BOWL
e.g. Search: ?* price Result: CAPRICE and CUSTOM PRICE [but not PRICE by itself] |
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[ ] Specifies one of any characters in a set. You must enclose the word that includes a set in back quotes and there can be no spaces in a set. |
e.g. Search: c[au]t
Result: CAT and CUT |
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{ } Specifies one of each pattern separated by a comma. You must enclose the word that includes a pattern in back quotes and there can be no spaces in a set. |
e.g. Search: great{est,er}
Result: GREATEST and GREATER |
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[^] Specifies characters excluded from the set. The caret ^ must be the first character after the left bracket [ that introduces a set. |
e.g. Search: l^ai]p
Result: excludes lap and lip. |
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[-] Specifies a range of characters in a set.
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e.g. Search: b[m-v]w
Result: finds every three-letter word from bmw to bvw. |
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<WORD>
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Performs a basic unstemmed word search to find records with one or more instances of the specific word you enter. |
e.g. Search: <WORD> honey Result: HONEY SMACKS and RED HONEY |
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Proximity Operators - Proximity operators are used to look for words that are located within the same body of text, in some kind of close proximity to each other. |
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<NEAR>
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Selects records that contain specified search terms that are “near” to each other, within a maximum of 1000 words. The results are relevance ranked, so the closer the terms are together, the higher on your list of results they appear if you are logged on as a user. |
e.g. Search: fresh <NEAR> fruit
Result: ORCHARD FRESH FROM NZ FRUIT |
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<NEAR/N>
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Selects records containing specified search terms within N number of words of each other (up to 1024). Results are also relevance ranked if you are logged in as a user. |
e.g. Search: pure <NEAR/4> new Zealand
Result: WILD EARTH PURE NEW ZEALAND ADVENTURE |
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<PARAGRAPH>
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Selects records that include all search elements specified within the same paragraph of text. Note that for searches of three or more words you must use the operator between each word. Results are not relevance ranked. |
e.g. Search: lone <PARAGRAPH> star
Result: LONE STAR NEW ZEALAND |
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<PHRASE>
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Selects records that include a phrase that you specify. A phrase is words in a particular sequence AND words that are sequential. Results are not relevance ranked. |
e.g. Search: perfect <PHRASE> every Result: UNCLE BEN’S PERFECT EVERY TIME |
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<SENTENCE>
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Selects records that include all of the words you specify within the same sentence. You can specify the search elements in a random or sequential order. Results are not relevance ranked. |
e.g. Search: cold <SENTENCE> honey
Result: HONEY COLD |
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<IN>
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Selects records that include the specified value in one more document zones. Types of document zones are: IPTITLE, PRODUCT, SPECIFICATION, STATUS
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e.g.
coffee* <IN> iptitle coffee* <IN> prod coffee* <IN> sgas |
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Relational Operators - Relational operators query specific parts of a document field (such as IPTITLE or PROD) for the criteria you specify. |
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<ENDS>
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Selects records by matching the word you specify with the end word in a particular document zone. See <IN> for a list of document zones. |
e.g. Search: iptitle <ends> com
Result: FACOM and MYBEAT.COM |
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<MATCHES>
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Selects records by finding exact matches of the word you specify within a particular document zone. See <IN> for a list of document zones. |
e.g. Search: iptitle <matches> telecom Result: TELECOM |
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<STARTS>
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Selects records by matching the word you specify with the first word in a particular document zone. See <IN> for a list of document zones. |
e.g. Search: prod <starts> legal [enter in “any” or “product” field] Result: all marks with the word “legal” as the first word in the specification |
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Numeric Fields
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= Equal to
> Greater Than
>= Greater than or equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
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e.g. Search: status = 50 Result: all trade marks at status 50 (examination) e.g. Search: status <=50 Result: all trade marks at or lower than status 50 |
Footnotes
2 The <> symbols do not need to be used when conducting an AND/OR search. Note: to actually search for the word AND/OR, enclose the word in speech marks (“and”, “or”).
3 “Relevance Ranking” refers to how trade mark records are listed in your results. The system gives the highest ranking to trade marks with the highest density of word matches. Only available to registered users and only used in relation to some operators and modifiers.
4 The <> symbols do not need to be used when conducting an NOT search. Note: to actually search for the word NOT, enclose the word in speech marks (“not”).
5 This facility is already available at the top of the search form which could be used instead of this modifier.
